Ordinary sea buckthorn, or common sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides or Hippophaë rhamnoides) — a perennial plant of the olive family. A bush or low tree with spiny branches and thick linear-lanceolate leaves. The flowers are small, inconspicuous. Fruits — yellow or orange pits. Widespread in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Siberia and the northern regions of Central Asia. It grows on sandy soils near water bodies in the lower tier of poplar and willow forests or forms pure thickets. It is a valuable medicinal, food and forest protection crop. Food, vitamin, pollen-bearing, medicinal, tannin-bearing, dyeing, decorative, phytomeliorating, cosmetic plant. Nutritional value In addition to medical use, the fruits have great nutritional value, they are eaten fresh, used to make jam, jelly, pastilles, jelly, fruit wine, etc. Sea buckthorn leaves contain 10% of tannins, so they can be used to tan leather. The fruits are aromatic, taste similar to pineapple fruits, bitter, after the first frost they lose their bitterness and acquire a pleasant sour taste. They are used raw and for various processing. Tinctures, tinctures, liqueurs from sea buckthorn are widely known not only in our country, but also abroad. Due to the extremely high taste and nutritional properties, juices, extracts, syrups, and various types of wines are prepared from the fruits. Fruit-berry sea buckthorn wine has a golden-yellow color and a characteristic shine, a subtle pineapple aroma. Confectionery made from sea buckthorn fruits, as well as jam, jelly, pastille, have high taste properties. The pulp of sea buckthorn fruits contains fat and aromatic oil (up to 9%), sugars (up to 2.5%), malic and citric acids (up to 4%), tannins and pectin substances. The oil contained in sea buckthorn fruits gives a strong, pleasant, unique aroma, increases taste properties and places sea buckthorn in a special place among fruit and berry plants. Sea buckthorn fruits — natural multivitamin concentrates. They have provitamin A (up to 8 mg%), vitamins C (200–350 mg%), E (28 mg%), B1, B2 (0.12 mg%), PP, folic acid. Sea buckthorn — excellent pollinator, gives a lot of highly nutritious pollen in summer. Medical use Sea buckthorn fruits — valuable multivitamin raw material. Sea buckthorn oil, which is obtained from the fruits, acts as an epithelizing, granulating and pain-relieving agent, it is used in gynecological practice, for the treatment of burns, frostbite, eczema, poorly healed external ulcers, stomach and duodenal ulcers, as well as to reduce regenerative changes of the mucous membrane esophagus during radiation therapy of cancer. Sea buckthorn fruits — a valuable medicinal and dietary product. Sea buckthorn oil, which is produced from fruits and seeds, is used for radiation damage to the skin, as a bactericidal agent it is used for many infectious diseases, in gynecological practice, for stomach and duodenal ulcers. Oil also treats eczema and some eye diseases. Juice and fruits are used for hypovitaminosis, in particular for scurvy; fruits with leaves — for the treatment of rheumatism and stomach diseases; seeds — as a good laxative. The use of oil is also effective for erosive-ulcerative proctitis, erosive-ulcerative sphincteritis, anal fissures, catarrhal and atrophic proctitis, internal hemorrhoids in patients with chronic enterocolitis. Sea buckthorn oil is used in sinusitis, in the postoperative period after tonsillectomy, in chronic tonsillitis, in the treatment of pulpitis and periodontitis. Sea buckthorn oil is part of the combined aerosol preparation "Oleazol", which also includes chloramphenicol, anesthesin, boric acid and fillers. The drug is used as a means of accelerating the healing of wounds, for burns, infected wounds, trophic ulcers, for eczema and itchy dermatoses. Sea buckthorn bark contains the substance oxytryptamine, which has antitumor properties. The alcoholic extract of the bark has a similar effect. Sea buckthorn is used in cosmetics, nourishing masks are prepared from its oil, which accelerate epithelization and generation of skin tissues, a decoction of fruits and branches is used for baldness and hair loss. In veterinary practice, sea buckthorn branches are used to accelerate the growth of wool in sheep and give it a shine.
